The martyrdom culture consists of all remained signs of a martyr containing non-material (spiritual) signs such as beliefs, notions, behaviors, goals, and other spiritual and divine aspects of a martyr being inspirited from Quran and the innocent’s instructions. In addition, the followings can be considered as his material signs: martyr’s clean grave, personal utilities, streets names, ceremonies related to a martyr, written works and totally, whatever which is observable, tangible and can be his memorial.
News ID: 190550 Publish Date : 2009/01/19
Introduction
1. Statement of the problem
Epic literature occupies a very important place in the Iranian literary history. The social status of this genre is the major reason of this great importance. From the pre-history era, Iran has always been under attack of savage and barbarian or semi-barbarian ethnic groups. The attacks were not always to the same degree in the different parts of the country. In the western borders Iranians had civilized neighbors with whom they could establish ties and have mutual effects, but on the eastern borders uncivilized and nomadic peoples lived who attacked Iran to gain wealth and even livelihood and sustenance food. One of the major tasks of the ancient governments in Iran was to counter these attacks.
The cultural characteristic of this part of the country and the social and economic conditions prepared the ground for epic making; through we can not claim that epic is a single geography's product.
News ID: 188739 Publish Date : 2008/12/30
“Isar”? (Self sacrifice ) as a word means giving and donating. Self sacrifice means preferring another person to oneself and choosing another person prior to oneself.
Meaning of “Self Sacrifice”? as an “Expression”?: As an expression, self sacrifice means the extreme of donation and forgiveness. It means preferring another person to oneself. Self sacrifice means attaching priority to the need of other people despite needing a particular thing, and donating it to other people.
In Islamic morality lessons, “Self Sacrifice”? has been defined as follows: “The highest degree of generosity is when a person needs something; but he/she donates it to another person. And this action is called “Self Sacrifice”?. It means devoting oneself for others.”?
News ID: 187691 Publish Date : 2008/12/15
In continuation of activities during the first and second decades of Islamic Revolution, Graphic artists have always made efforts to show humanitarian and spiritual values with their pictorial art works. Their concerns have been mostly reflected in the following two general sections: The first one is appearance of the concepts of Isargaran and martyrs to people in general and the second one is developing the art of graphic in order to achieve to Iranian – Islamic identity.
But, we should think more deeply about how they have achieved to their objectives.
Therefore, the current article intends to find the answers to following questions:
1: How have committed and revolutionary artists pictured the concepts of self sacrifice and martyrdom?
2: In development of the art of graphic, what new plans and ideas did these artists present in order to achieve Iranian- Islamic identity?
3: What sectors of the society were the audiences of artists of Islamic Revolution? And what effects did these audiences take from symbolic drawings which exist in posters?
Method of Research
General method of research in this article is chosen based on descriptive and analytic approach.
News ID: 187689 Publish Date : 2008/12/15
There, a tumult had risen that history had seen such turmoil just once!
It was the land of enthusiasm and wisdom. It was the land of need and prayers. There were tears of thousands of candles and burnt wings of thousands of butterflies. There was one sky of destroyed tulips. There, the earth smelled of heaven. God was there and lanes of sincerity. Unkindness had left there since many years ago. The hearts were kind, very kind. Every day was celebration there. And God never became sin there. Selfishness was eliminated there. And the lust had dies of grief; because it was not noticed anymore. Sin and rebellion were captured by “praising and thanking God”?. There, every one prayed. Everyone said “Allah Akbar”? (God is the Great) there and every one went to mosque for saying prayers. No star darkened there. The suns recited Quran on spears and under tanks there. The heart of life was beating in wells of “pain”? there. And tear was the only ointment for eyes there. There was no gap there. Every one was united. Every one wore similar cloths; all of them were earthly and khaki, very earthly.
News ID: 187683 Publish Date : 2008/12/15
In this essay, the literal meaning of self _ sacrifice , its idiomatic expressions, the excellence of self _ sacrifice , difference between alimony and self _ sacrifice , kinds of self _ sacrifice (self _ sacrifice and properties, self _ sacrifice and Jihad, self _ sacrifice and martyrdom, self _ sacrifice and piety, self _ sacrifice and honor, self _ sacrifice and nature) have been investigated; the position of self _ sacrifice , its concept and illustrations in Qur’an and in the speeches of the innocent (A. S.), in the life of Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) and Imams as well as respectful women of Islam has been studied. After these, self _ sacrifice in the Islamic Republic Era, characteristics of the one who sacrifice s himself / herself, the requirements and obstacles of self _ sacrifice and the ways to promote it in society.
News ID: 97740 Publish Date : 2008/03/17
The goal of the writer of this essay is to do pathology of the sacrifice culture. Of course, this goal can be studied from different aspects. In this writing, we only talked about its psychological approaches. Especially, recognizing its frameworks has been focused on. besides, considering the importance of Islamic councils, we reviewed the relation between councils and sacrifice pathology because of being legal, popular, and wide spread.
News ID: 77408 Publish Date : 2007/10/30
Sacrifice, generosity or martyrdom is an Islamic phrase, and it has a lifetime as the life of mankind and it has been strengthened and shows different shape in the different societies. Because mankind always and all the times has found some needs, so that he could be able so that in the hard conditions and the difficulties of life and also at long nights be under the violation of friends and sometimes assist him or her. A person or persons who would give their bloods and would cause the welfare and good life for other people.
News ID: 64787 Publish Date : 2007/09/05
In 1952 when Albert Scheitzer went to Solv to receive Noble Prize, he told people of the world: “We should have the courage to face with current situation. Human has become a superman; but this superman who has gained superman power, has not achieved super man wisdom. Human becomes weaker creature as his power increases. We become non-human in every step that we take towards being a superman. And this reality should shake our conscience.
News ID: 59433 Publish Date : 2007/08/21
In the old times, there were elements of vice and virtue in any religion and belief. Features and characteristics formed for every moral or immoral thing were analyzed and criticized by elder or faithful people. There were talks of manhood and heroic styles. Narrators, scroll writers, and orators extended human life style and models based on prominent heroic examples, which might hade been created in their minds and been close to myths.
News ID: 59300 Publish Date : 2007/08/21
The meaning of sacrifice Sacrifice verbally means choosing, offering, preferring others’ interests to one’s interest. “Choosing,”? means giving priority to others’ interest rather than one’s own expedience that is the ultimate generosity. Considering someone else’s benefit and safety prior to one’s own is the ultimate of goodwill. Sacrifice from the point of morality is ranked as the second type of morals being classified under generosity. It means that a human ignores gentlemanly what he needs the most, and grants it to the one who is in need of it. Such granting and ignoring one’s right, i.e. preferring another one to one’s own, must become a habit for human.
News ID: 57572 Publish Date : 2007/08/14
Isar means self sacrifice , generosity and forgiveness in Arabic language and in terminology of Muslim people. And it is used in Quran with this meaning. It is an admired property and all admired and good properties are confirmed by thoughtful people and religious schools. This property more or less existed in Arab society before appearance of Islam. And prophet of Islam – before being appointed as a prophet- participated in activities which had an aspect of isar (self sacrifice ).
News ID: 57540 Publish Date : 2007/08/14
Counseling and getting advice has been considered as an important principle in Islam. In the holy Quran, Muslims are advised to use each other’s counseling. Besides, the holy prophet (PBUH) and other innocents have advised people to council for their affairs verbally and practically in many sayings. In some principles of the constitutions of the country, especially in the seventh principle, rulers have emphasized authorities to manage the country’s affairs by councils as decision-making bases.
News ID: 56865 Publish Date : 2007/08/07
Consistency, preservation, and transmission of a society’s culture is up to every responsible and committed generation; but, preserving such a culture requires means that is generally in hand of political and social system of each society. The martyrdom and sacrifice culture and reviving martyrs and sacrifice rs’ memory is an important part of cultural values of this society. It was an epic that reached its climax in Karbala event and reappeared in the sacred defense. Transmitting values originated from these events contain elements and features of a live and active culture that appear in a different form in every period of history. Then, we should try to execute the martyrdom and sacrifice culture in our society by reminding, preserving, reverencing, and honoring founders of these values. The present essay tries to offer methods of reverencing and honoring sacrifice rs and their families by expressing necessity of honoring the war sacrifice rs and pointing at some of activities that have been done in countries dealing with war.
News ID: 54944 Publish Date : 2007/07/30
A few years ago once to do a psychological project on issues and problems of adult age, I took an opportunity for intimate talks with a group of adults (both male and female); an unusual point attracted my attention. What make adults feel content are not talks about their achievements in the past, which makes them feel sad, depressed and regretful at missing the opportunities and remembers them regretfully. When talking of charitable deeds had done beyond their duty for others, hardships and privations have suffered for helping others or maintenance of a correct opinion benefited everyone, they were feeling dignity, honor, liveliness, and physically and mentally were rather improve. Even some of those who would refuse from using newly popularized Arabic vocabularies, if term sacrifice r were attributed to them; they accepted it honorably and pleasurably.
News ID: 54582 Publish Date : 2007/07/29
Some words and definitions are of a kind of sanctity and are common in every human society with little differences, such as the words “martyrdom”? and “ sacrifice ”? that are looked at with sanctity, reverence, and greatness in every tradition. (Chapter 7, page 67). The essence of the sacrifice and martyrdom culture is the purposive altruism, purity, and liberalism. Extension and diffusion of the sacrifice and martyrdom culture has positive economical, cultural… functions. They are functions that end up the common struggles in the field of politics and economy if they are institutionalized from the point of altruism spirit and collectivism. In such a background, the culture of collectivism appears and considers the national benefit prior to personal, ethnic… benefits. Incorrect extension and the lack of precision in extending correctly as well as ignoring influential connective elements such as correspondence of the sender, the addressee, the connective channel, and not removing connective interferences, may harm seriously the extension of the sacrifice and martyrdom culture. Clarifying incentives of martyrs as well as correspondence in exponents’ thought and practice, we can avoid harms to the essence of the sacrifice and martyrdom culture, which may be done by unsuitable extension. In pathology of extending the sacrifice and martyrdom culture, we must focus on connective elements, connective interferences, different kinds of human communications, and effects of culture, economy, and politics. Besides, we must consider the function and practicality of each element.
News ID: 54565 Publish Date : 2007/07/29
The martyrdom culture is considered as one of the most precious and vital outcomes of the brave Iranian nation during 8 years of the imposed war and the sacred defense. It is the result of brave presence of this country’s children, brothers, mighty fathers, courageous sisters, daughters, and mothers, both in the rear and front. They did such epics during these years of fighting that the martyrdom culture and sacrifice spirit have been embedded into our society and generations. In this essay, we tried to analyze the relation between people’s reverence plan and clientele’s satisfaction in our country’s official system as well as the martyrdom culture, especially its particular example that is originated from cultural resources of this section by offering an eclectic model. Finally, we want to offer a model according to which we can execute the reverence plan through extending the martyrdom culture. The construction of this essay has been formed of three main parts. In the first part, we review briefly definitions and expressions about the martyrdom culture and its resources and examples (emphasizing on Khoramshahr epic). In the second part, we elaborate the philosophy and basics of the reverence plan in general, and its expected functions in the section of servicing people. In the third part, the main topic is expressed. In this part, we explain an eclectic model about the relation between the reverence plan and the martyrdom culture by combining the reported definitions and models. Part one: the martyrdom culture
News ID: 54561 Publish Date : 2007/07/29
(1-3-12) Justice and equity: paying attention to the demands and request of the respectful religion of Islam would clear this reality for the reader or any researcher that prevention from discrimination in any level and shape and accuracy in performing justice and equity under any condition, is counted as the main base for the subject of Islam, so in this case it would be accepted in an intensified way by the culture of martyrdom.
News ID: 13426 Publish Date : 2006/12/09
The Islamic councils in fact are the organizations that can be counted as the economical essential tools that means good aspects of a society would be increased and by providing the characters of sacrifice and martyrdom, culture and ethic would be changed in society and they would be directed towards main Islamic values and the reasonable ethic. Also we can mention the model theories of Emil Dorkim the one who was a sociologist from France; this person had this motto to say that: society can be counted as one of the main points of society direction specially for youngsters towards the main Islamic values by providing reasonable models of society such as the cultural and religious organizations.
News ID: 13305 Publish Date : 2006/12/06
In fact Islamic counsels are institutions which are developing donation in society as a main financial tool. Also changing culture and morality in society by offering sacrificing and martyrdom patterns and guide them to Islamic pureblood and morality values. About Islamic counsels we could also take advantage of modeling theory of Emil Dorkim too (for morality training- As reputable French socialist says) (society could be programmed by offering reasonable social patterns such as cultural and religious institutions). In order to do so, Islamic counsels except those that are active than in financial parts could be one of guideline bases for society especially for guiding youth to Islamic pureblooded values with a managed and appropriate programming.
News ID: 4235 Publish Date : 2006/07/10