Rise and Fall of Saddam Hussein

Navideshahed: On July 17, 1979, when Hassan al-Bakr was reading the text “Saddam Hussein has been so active in all the revolutionary activities since 1963 and he has proved his capability and since I’m sick and I can’t continue my duty as a president for Iraq, I appoint him as the next president of Iraq”?, 500 officers sided with Al-Bakr were arrested and they were killed in a confidential attack. Also Hassan al-Bakr was under control in his house, eventually he was poisoned by Saddam Hussein.”?

News ID: ۳۱۰۱۰۱

جمعه - ۲۷ مهر ۲۰۱۱ / 2011 27 July

According to a Navideshahed report, in 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces, and rapidly became the strongman of the government. Saddam Hussein rapidly became the strongman of the government. He had been the leader of Iraq practically. Gradually he started strengthening his power in Iraqi regime as the Iraqi Baathist regime. The relations of the members of the party would be under control with much attention. The circle for supporting Saddam Hussein became stronger.

When Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr , the old and weak president of Iraq gradually lost his abilities to control the administrative affairs, the role of Saddam Hussein as the image of Iraqi government was highlighted inside and outside of Iraq. Soon he became the architect of foreign policies of Iraq and he attended in all the conferences and diplomatic visits of Iraqi government. At the end of decade 70s, Saddam Hussein became the most important power of Iraq.

Saddam helped carry out the final Ba'thist coup of July 17, 1968 against the government of Abdol Rahman Mohammad Aref. Although he only assumed the title of vice-chairman of the new state executive committee, the Revolutionary Command Council, Saddam was the real force behind politics in Iraq thereafter. The Iraqi Baathist members expressed different promises to Colonel Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef, the chief of Anti-Intellegence of Army and General Ebrahim Al-Davoud, the chief of Guards and made Abdol Rahman Aref to carry out the coup and they sent Aref to Turkey. Then Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef became the president of Iraq and Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr became the president of Iraq, but the main agent of the coup was Saddam Hussein that by the assistance of brigadier general pilot Hardan Abdol Ghafar Al-Tikriti caused the government of Abdol Rahman Aref to fall, but since colonel Nayef and General Davoud were not members of Ba’ath party, on July 30, 1968, meaning 16 days after the coup of July 17, the main coup of Saddam Hussein took place by the leadership of Saddam. They banished him to London and general Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr got the post of prime ministry and presidency and Saddam Hussein became the secretary general of the whole Baathist party was appointed as the vice-chairman of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr.

During this coup, General Rashid Mosalah Tikriti who had sided with Marshal Aref and he had disarmed the guards of Baathist party was imprisoned and he was executed later too. General Hardan Tikriti was appointed as the Defense Minister and General Mosalah Mehdi Amash became the chief of the Ministry of Interior.

Certain Dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and Omitting Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr from Power

Since Saddam Hussein was attempting so much to occupy all the pillars of the government, in order to make himself the first man of Iraq and not to stay the vice-chairman of Hassan al-Bakr anymore and to make himself relax about the Kurds in north Iraq, he concluded a contract over Arvand River with Iran and it was done with the mediation of Bomadin, the president of Algeria. In March 1975, Saddam Hussein adopted the right of Iran regarding Arvand River which was the border of the two countries and the line “Talogue”? (Khatol Gha’ar) and instead he asked Iran not to support the Kurds of North Iraq.

After this agreement, he focused his concentration for inside Iraq and even though Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr was a relative of his mother and his wife, he decided to omit him from power. On the night of July 17, 1979 a text which had been written previously was read by Hassan al-Bakr on the 11th Anniversary of the coup which took place on July 17, 1968. This text was given to Hassan al-Bakr by Barzan Tikriti, the general manager of (counterespionage) and they threatened him that if he does not read this text, his son Heisam that is kidnapped by them will be killed.

On July 17, 1979, when Hassan al-Bakr was reading the text “Saddam Hussein has been so active in all the revolutionary activities since 1963 and he has proved his capability and since I’m sick and I can’t continue my duty as a president for Iraq, I appoint him as the next president of Iraq”?, 500 officers sided with Al-Bakr were arrested and they were killed in a confidential attack. Also Hassan al-Bakr was under control in his house, eventually he was poisoned by Saddam Hussein. After omitting Hassan al-Bakr from power on July 20 1979, Abdol Hussein, the secretary general of Iraqi Revolution Council after some tortures confessed that under a conspiracy he had aimed to murder Saddam Hussein and then he mentioned the name of 10 persons who wanted to help him in this conspiracy. The confessions were broadcasted by the Iraqi television and on the next day these persons were executed. Before this Saddam Hussein was the man number 2 of Iraq and he was a vice-deputy for Al-Bakr and he was able to kill Saadoon Gheidan, one of the officers that could be a barrier for him to get the power.

Also General Hardan Tikriti, the former Defense Minister was assassinated by him and before this; he sent a terror group to London to Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef. He gave all the security posts to the member of his own family such as Barzan Al-Tikriti, Sabavi Tikriti, Taban Tikriti who was his half-brother. After that he commissioned his cousins and sons in law (General Hussein Kamel Hasan Al-Majid and his brother ‘Colonel Saddam Kamel Hasan Al-Majid) to go to Europe and purchase chemical weapons.

When Saddam Hussein violated 1975 Algiers Agreement on September 22, 1980 and it invaded Iranian territories. The war began on September 22, 1980, when Iraqi troops launched a full-scale invasion of Iran. Prior to this date there had been subversion by each country inside the other and also major border clashes. Iraq hoped for a lightning victory against an internationally isolated neighbor in the throes of revolutionary upheaval. But despite Iraq's initial successes, the Iranians rallied and, using their much larger population, were able by mid-1982 to push the invaders out. Saddam Hussein named himself as the winner of Ghadesiyeh, but his forces were behind the gates of Ahvaz for eight years and finally they were pushed back from Iranian territories as well. During the war in addition of using chemical weapons against Iranians, they created another disaster against Halabja. During this attack Ali Hasan Al-Majid known as Chemical Ali and Saddam Hussein ordered the use of chemical weapons against Halabja. The Iraqi attack against Kuwait under leadership of Saddam Hussein began shortly after midnight on August 2. Iraq had assumed control of Kuwait city, the capital, and was soon in complete control of the country.

Saddam Hussein’s fall

After the invasion of Saddam to Kuwait, the governments of the United States of America, United Kingdom along with the troops of France, Italy attacked Kuwait and they pushed back the Iraqi forces from Kuwait and they entered the Iraqi Naseriyeh war zone and the delegates of Saddam Hussein including General Shavartoskov from United States accepted all the demands of the coalition forces and Saddam’s regime was freed from fall, but still Saddam Hussein had decided to omit his probable enemies, that is why two of his sons in law including General Hussein Kamel Hasan Al-Majid and Colonel Saddam Al-Majid fled to Jordan because they feared that they might be arrested.

Saddam Hussein was afraid that the issues of purchasing chemical weapons to be revealed by his two sons in law, so he sent Odai, his eldest son to Jordan and make them understand that Saddam Hussein has forgiven them, but they did not accept to return to Iraq. Eventually Sajedeh Talfah, the wife of Saddam Hussein went to Jordan and deceived them and these two persons returned to Baghdad and they were killed with one attack. After the attack of September 11, 2001, George W. Bush, The President of the United States of America and Tony Blair, the prime minister of UK attacked Iraq without getting permission from the Security Council and they launched their air raids and ground attacks. (March 20, 2003).

Some of the political interpreters of the world believe that the Saddam’s date of use had been expired and it was required that his government to be overthrown by the United States of America and UK. The air raids of coalition forces and troops were so high in a way that on the evening of April 9, 2003, Saddam fell and all the statues of Saddam Hussein were ruined. In the morning of that day Odai and Qusai went to the central bank of Iraq and they stole all the currencies with some trucks and they left the country. Saddam’s wife and daughters left Iraq and they went to a European country. Eventually Saddam Hussein was captured and he was handed over to the court and eventually he and his brother Barzan Tikriit were executed by hanging.

Some unsaid things regarding the childhood and adolescence era of Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein son of Hussein Al-Majid was born on April 28, 1937 in the town of Al-Awja, 13 km (8 mi) from the Iraqi town of Tikrit, to a family of shepherds from the al-Begat tribal group. Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti was born to a peasant family in a village near Tikrit , a town on the Tigris River north of Baghdad. Saddam’s family was poor.

His mother, Subha, named her newborn son Saddam, which in Arabic means "One who confronts"; he is always referred to by this personal name, which may be followed by the patronymic and other elements. One of the secretaries of Saddam Hussein who had fled to foreign countries to avoid being killed in an interview revealed, Saddam’s father left his mother because she had disgraced their family. When Saddam was a teenager, he had told his friends that his mother had remarried with a man named “Ebrahim Hassan”?. As different narrators express the biography of Saddam Hussein say, Saddam’s mother forced Ebrahim Hassan to divorce his previous wife and to live with her only.

When Saddam’s mother remarried, the difficult times of Saddam’s life started, because he was tortured by his step father so much in a way that he left their home and he went to his uncle’s house named “Kheirollah Talfah”?. Kheirollah Talfah was one of the officers of the army, but he had been expelled from the Army. When Kheirollah Talfah went to Baghdad, he took Saddam Hussein to Baghdad too. Saddam Hussein accomplished the first year of high school in 1953 and he liked to enter the army the same as his maternal uncle, but he was not able to enter the Army because he did not have good grades to take part in the entry exam of the Army. But his cousin ‘Adnan Kheirollah Talfah’ who became the vice-deputy and defense minister during Saddam’s regime was going to school and he was able to enter the Army, but Saddam Hussein was a shepherd.

Saddam Hussein was the fellow citizen and relative of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr. Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr was 23 years older than Saddam Hussein because he was born in 1914. Saddam Hussein was a close relative of Saddam Hussein; firstly the paternal grandparents of Saddam Hussein and Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr belonged to the same tribe, secondly Kheirollah Talfah who was the uncle of Saddam Hussein, he was the cousin of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr as well. On the other hand, Sajedeh Talfah, the spouse of Saddam Hussein was his cousin as well. Saddam Hussein was able to improve and go to highest positions possible by murdering Abdol Karim Ghasem in October 1959. He was under the attention of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr and Iraqi Baathist party and since he escaped to foreign countries, he was related with CIA and when he returned to Iraq on February 1963, he developed so much and since he had not been able to go to official university, he killed many of the Iraqi officers to be a great member of the Iraqi Baathist party. Even there are rumors that Adnan Kheirollah was killed in a helicopter accident by the machinations of Saddam Hussein. When he became the president of Iraq, the degree of graduation from Baghdad University in the field of Law was given to him.

The End

Source: Andisheh Club

According to a Navideshahed report, in 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces, and rapidly became the strongman of the government. Saddam Hussein rapidly became the strongman of the government. He had been the leader of Iraq practically. Gradually he started strengthening his power in Iraqi regime as the Iraqi Baathist regime. The relations of the members of the party would be under control with much attention. The circle for supporting Saddam Hussein became stronger. When Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr , the old and weak president of Iraq gradually lost his abilities to control the administrative affairs, the role of Saddam Hussein as the image of Iraqi government was highlighted inside and outside of Iraq. Soon he became the architect of foreign policies of Iraq and he attended in all the conferences and diplomatic visits of Iraqi government. At the end of decade 70s, Saddam Hussein became the most important power of Iraq. Saddam helped carry out the final Ba'thist coup of July 17, 1968 against the government of Abdol Rahman Mohammad Aref. Although he only assumed the title of vice-chairman of the new state executive committee, the Revolutionary Command Council, Saddam was the real force behind politics in Iraq thereafter. The Iraqi Baathist members expressed different promises to Colonel Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef, the chief of Anti-Intellegence of Army and General Ebrahim Al-Davoud, the chief of Guards and made Abdol Rahman Aref to carry out the coup and they sent Aref to Turkey. Then Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef became the president of Iraq and Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr became the president of Iraq, but the main agent of the coup was Saddam Hussein that by the assistance of brigadier general pilot Hardan Abdol Ghafar Al-Tikriti caused the government of Abdol Rahman Aref to fall, but since colonel Nayef and General Davoud were not members of Ba’ath party, on July 30, 1968, meaning 16 days after the coup of July 17, the main coup of Saddam Hussein took place by the leadership of Saddam. They banished him to London and general Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr got the post of prime ministry and presidency and Saddam Hussein became the secretary general of the whole Baathist party was appointed as the vice-chairman of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr. During this coup, General Rashid Mosalah Tikriti who had sided with Marshal Aref and he had disarmed the guards of Baathist party was imprisoned and he was executed later too. General Hardan Tikriti was appointed as the Defense Minister and General Mosalah Mehdi Amash became the chief of the Ministry of Interior. Certain Dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and Omitting Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr from Power Since Saddam Hussein was attempting so much to occupy all the pillars of the government, in order to make himself the first man of Iraq and not to stay the vice-chairman of Hassan al-Bakr anymore and to make himself relax about the Kurds in north Iraq, he concluded a contract over Arvand River with Iran and it was done with the mediation of Bomadin, the president of Algeria. In March 1975, Saddam Hussein adopted the right of Iran regarding Arvand River which was the border of the two countries and the line “Talogue”? (Khatol Gha’ar) and instead he asked Iran not to support the Kurds of North Iraq. After this agreement, he focused his concentration for inside Iraq and even though Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr was a relative of his mother and his wife, he decided to omit him from power. On the night of July 17, 1979 a text which had been written previously was read by Hassan al-Bakr on the 11th Anniversary of the coup which took place on July 17, 1968. This text was given to Hassan al-Bakr by Barzan Tikriti, the general manager of (counterespionage) and they threatened him that if he does not read this text, his son Heisam that is kidnapped by them will be killed. On July 17, 1979, when Hassan al-Bakr was reading the text “Saddam Hussein has been so active in all the revolutionary activities since 1963 and he has proved his capability and since I’m sick and I can’t continue my duty as a president for Iraq, I appoint him as the next president of Iraq”?, 500 officers sided with Al-Bakr were arrested and they were killed in a confidential attack. Also Hassan al-Bakr was under control in his house, eventually he was poisoned by Saddam Hussein. After omitting Hassan al-Bakr from power on July 20 1979, Abdol Hussein, the secretary general of Iraqi Revolution Council after some tortures confessed that under a conspiracy he had aimed to murder Saddam Hussein and then he mentioned the name of 10 persons who wanted to help him in this conspiracy. The confessions were broadcasted by the Iraqi television and on the next day these persons were executed. Before this Saddam Hussein was the man number 2 of Iraq and he was a vice-deputy for Al-Bakr and he was able to kill Saadoon Gheidan, one of the officers that could be a barrier for him to get the power. Also General Hardan Tikriti, the former Defense Minister was assassinated by him and before this; he sent a terror group to London to Abdol Razagh Al-Nayef. He gave all the security posts to the member of his own family such as Barzan Al-Tikriti, Sabavi Tikriti, Taban Tikriti who was his half-brother. After that he commissioned his cousins and sons in law (General Hussein Kamel Hasan Al-Majid and his brother ‘Colonel Saddam Kamel Hasan Al-Majid) to go to Europe and purchase chemical weapons. When Saddam Hussein violated 1975 Algiers Agreement on September 22, 1980 and it invaded Iranian territories. The war began on September 22, 1980, when Iraqi troops launched a full-scale invasion of Iran. Prior to this date there had been subversion by each country inside the other and also major border clashes. Iraq hoped for a lightning victory against an internationally isolated neighbor in the throes of revolutionary upheaval. But despite Iraq's initial successes, the Iranians rallied and, using their much larger population, were able by mid-1982 to push the invaders out. Saddam Hussein named himself as the winner of Ghadesiyeh, but his forces were behind the gates of Ahvaz for eight years and finally they were pushed back from Iranian territories as well. During the war in addition of using chemical weapons against Iranians, they created another disaster against Halabja. During this attack Ali Hasan Al-Majid known as Chemical Ali and Saddam Hussein ordered the use of chemical weapons against Halabja. The Iraqi attack against Kuwait under leadership of Saddam Hussein began shortly after midnight on August 2. Iraq had assumed control of Kuwait city, the capital, and was soon in complete control of the country. Saddam Hussein’s fall After the invasion of Saddam to Kuwait, the governments of the United States of America, United Kingdom along with the troops of France, Italy attacked Kuwait and they pushed back the Iraqi forces from Kuwait and they entered the Iraqi Naseriyeh war zone and the delegates of Saddam Hussein including General Shavartoskov from United States accepted all the demands of the coalition forces and Saddam’s regime was freed from fall, but still Saddam Hussein had decided to omit his probable enemies, that is why two of his sons in law including General Hussein Kamel Hasan Al-Majid and Colonel Saddam Al-Majid fled to Jordan because they feared that they might be arrested. Saddam Hussein was afraid that the issues of purchasing chemical weapons to be revealed by his two sons in law, so he sent Odai, his eldest son to Jordan and make them understand that Saddam Hussein has forgiven them, but they did not accept to return to Iraq. Eventually Sajedeh Talfah, the wife of Saddam Hussein went to Jordan and deceived them and these two persons returned to Baghdad and they were killed with one attack. After the attack of September 11, 2001, George W. Bush, The President of the United States of America and Tony Blair, the prime minister of UK attacked Iraq without getting permission from the Security Council and they launched their air raids and ground attacks. (March 20, 2003). Some of the political interpreters of the world believe that the Saddam’s date of use had been expired and it was required that his government to be overthrown by the United States of America and UK. The air raids of coalition forces and troops were so high in a way that on the evening of April 9, 2003, Saddam fell and all the statues of Saddam Hussein were ruined. In the morning of that day Odai and Qusai went to the central bank of Iraq and they stole all the currencies with some trucks and they left the country. Saddam’s wife and daughters left Iraq and they went to a European country. Eventually Saddam Hussein was captured and he was handed over to the court and eventually he and his brother Barzan Tikriit were executed by hanging. Some unsaid things regarding the childhood and adolescence era of Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein son of Hussein Al-Majid was born on April 28, 1937 in the town of Al-Awja, 13 km (8 mi) from the Iraqi town of Tikrit, to a family of shepherds from the al-Begat tribal group. Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti was born to a peasant family in a village near Tikrit , a town on the Tigris River north of Baghdad. Saddam’s family was poor. His mother, Subha, named her newborn son Saddam, which in Arabic means "One who confronts"; he is always referred to by this personal name, which may be followed by the patronymic and other elements. One of the secretaries of Saddam Hussein who had fled to foreign countries to avoid being killed in an interview revealed, Saddam’s father left his mother because she had disgraced their family. When Saddam was a teenager, he had told his friends that his mother had remarried with a man named “Ebrahim Hassan”?. As different narrators express the biography of Saddam Hussein say, Saddam’s mother forced Ebrahim Hassan to divorce his previous wife and to live with her only. When Saddam’s mother remarried, the difficult times of Saddam’s life started, because he was tortured by his step father so much in a way that he left their home and he went to his uncle’s house named “Kheirollah Talfah”?. Kheirollah Talfah was one of the officers of the army, but he had been expelled from the Army. When Kheirollah Talfah went to Baghdad, he took Saddam Hussein to Baghdad too. Saddam Hussein accomplished the first year of high school in 1953 and he liked to enter the army the same as his maternal uncle, but he was not able to enter the Army because he did not have good grades to take part in the entry exam of the Army. But his cousin ‘Adnan Kheirollah Talfah’ who became the vice-deputy and defense minister during Saddam’s regime was going to school and he was able to enter the Army, but Saddam Hussein was a shepherd. Saddam Hussein was the fellow citizen and relative of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr. Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr was 23 years older than Saddam Hussein because he was born in 1914. Saddam Hussein was a close relative of Saddam Hussein; firstly the paternal grandparents of Saddam Hussein and Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr belonged to the same tribe, secondly Kheirollah Talfah who was the uncle of Saddam Hussein, he was the cousin of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr as well. On the other hand, Sajedeh Talfah, the spouse of Saddam Hussein was his cousin as well. Saddam Hussein was able to improve and go to highest positions possible by murdering Abdol Karim Ghasem in October 1959. He was under the attention of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr and Iraqi Baathist party and since he escaped to foreign countries, he was related with CIA and when he returned to Iraq on February 1963, he developed so much and since he had not been able to go to official university, he killed many of the Iraqi officers to be a great member of the Iraqi Baathist party. Even there are rumors that Adnan Kheirollah was killed in a helicopter accident by the machinations of Saddam Hussein. When he became the president of Iraq, the degree of graduation from Baghdad University in the field of Law was given to him. The End Source: Andisheh Club